Sunday, November 5, 2017

November 05, 2017 Sunday

Bedtime Story 


Analyzing the 2002 Ruud Jansen Paper

  
This 2002 paper that I left you with last night was a major advancement from the past papers as it showed for the first time the existence of some other genes along with the cluster repeats.

Since these genes came along and always accompanied the CRISPR repeats, Ruud Jansen simply called them CRISPR associated system or cas in short.

I want to stress upon you the following four lines of the paper:

“The presence of multiple chromosomal CRISPR loci suggests that CRISPRs are mobile elements.

Four CRISPR-associated (cas) genes were identified in CRISPR-containing prokaryotes that were absent from CRISPR-negative prokaryotes.

The cas genes were invariably located adjacent to a CRISPR locus, indicating that the cas genes and CRISPR loci have a functional relationship.

The cas3 gene showed motifs characteristic for helicases of the superfamily 2, and the cas4 gene showed motifs of the RecB family of exonucleases, suggesting that these genes are involved in DNA metabolism or gene expression.”

Each sentence is of utmost importance as each one is a new factual statement that has a significant bearing on the unfolding of the whole CRISPR story.

The first sentence stresses upon the mobility of the prokaryote repeat cluster.

It gave the future or the parallel researchers a hint that its source could be extramicrobial (I think I may have just coined a new word).

The second sentence is a discovery of something absolutely new; a set of homologous genes that always accompany CRISPR clusters and that Ruud Jansen in the paper named cas genes.

The third sentence is a speculation associating the close proximity of the two systems with some sort of functional relationship between them.

Of course, the function itself was never stated as it was then not known.

But lastly and crucially, Jansen et al mentioned an extremely important finding that could direct other genetic microbiologists what further to look for.

The finding was that these cas genes demonstrated helicase and nuclease motifs.

Now I need to tell you a little about these two enzymes as well.

Yet before I go to tell you about the enzymes, there is this interesting word that caught my eye – motif.

Motif is general English can refer to a pattern, a design, a structure or even a logo.

But a motif in biochemistry and genetics has a very specific meaning.

Motifs in biochemistry are of two types –they can either be structural motif or sequence motif.

Stay tuned to the voice of an average story storytelling chimpanzee or login at http://panarrans.blogspot.com
                              
Good night mon ami and my fellow cousin ape.
                           
  
                

             












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Another great educator and a teacher that I am aware of is Professor Subhashish Chattopadhyay in Bangalore, India.

While I narrate stories, Professor Subhashish an electronic engineer and a former professor at BARC, does and teaches real mathematics and physics.

He started the participation of Indian students at the International Physics Olympiad.

Do visit him here:


All his books can be downloaded for free through this link:


For edutainment and English education of your children, I recommend this large collection of Halloween Songs for Kids:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCd14DRdYKj454znayUIfcAg

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