March 31, 2019 Sunday

Bedtime Story 

Build up of Consensual Anti-Semitism of Hungary in 1920s

Only if you were to have lived in Russia along with Russians for a considerable amount of time would you have an understanding of this contemptuous sentiment of Bela Kun towards Russians that is in general held by most Europeans.

When Bela Kun was ousted and the short reign of the Communists ended in Hungary it was time for the change of sides to unleash violence and terror.

Now it would be the time of White Terror under the officers of Horthy’s National Army to begin.

These strings of revengeful counter-reprisals would last for two years targeting Communists, Jews, progressives and peasants – in short, anyone who was perceived to be holding and disseminating the repulsive Communism ideology. 

So it was about this time when the Hungarian society had broadly developed a consensual anti-Semitic views and feelings that was generally gaining grounds all across Europe.

This anti-Semitic mood was further amplified by yet another factor: the disproportionate and rather perplexing success of the Jewish community in the Hungarian society of 1920s. 

By this time the Jews in Hungary represented roughly 5% of the population and yet when it came to academics, commerce or finance, they quite remarkably outnumbered others.

In the Budapest stock exchange of 1921 88% members of it were constituted by Jews and 91% of the currency brokers in the Budapest currency market were Jews.

As much as 80 or even 90 percent of the industries in Hungary were owned by Jewish families albeit they were few and closely related.

Yuri Slezkine who is the professor of Russian history and Director of the Institute of Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies at the University of California, Berkeley is best known for being the author of two books.

The first of the two is ‘The Jewish Century” that he published in 2004 and the second of the two was “The House of Government: A Saga of the Russian Revolution” which he published recently in 2017.

He characterizes the Jews as Mercurian people “who specialize exclusively in providing services to the surrounding food-producing societies” who he labels as Apollonians.

Let me clarify for you what these two strange and yet at the same time familiar words mean.

In Greek mythology, Apollo is the god of livestock and agriculture that favors and delights in the foundation of towns and establishment of civil constitution.

Thus Apollo and thereby Apollonians signify settled existence in general.

The Roman god Mercury (similar to the Greek God Hermes) is the god not merely of financial gain, commerce, travelers but also luck, trickery and the thieves.

The Latin root merx stands for merchant or commerce.

Stay tuned to the voice of an average story storytelling chimpanzee or login at http://panarrans.blogspot.com

                              

Good night Mon Ami and my fellow cousin ape.

                           

  

                

             

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Another great educator and a teacher that I am aware of is Professor Subhashish Chattopadhyay in Bangalore, India.

While I narrate stories, Professor Subhashish an electronic engineer and a former professor at BARC, does and teaches real mathematics and physics.

He started the participation of Indian students at the International Physics Olympiad.

Do visit him here:

http://skmclasses.weebly.com/

All his books can be downloaded for free through this link:

https://zookeepersblog.wordpress.com/science-tuition-chemistry-physics-mathematics-for-iit-jee-aieee-std-11-12-pu-isc-cbse/

For edutainment and English education of your children, I recommend this large collection of Halloween Songs for Kids:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCd14DRdYKj454znayUIfcAg

March 30, 2019 Saturday

Bedtime Story 

Understanding the Hatred for Jews in Hungary  

The communist revolution seemed to have been popular in the beginning among the masses but as time went on this so called Hungarian Soviet Republic failed in almost all of its aims and promises.

Perhaps the greatest failure – as the proletariat saw it – was the failure to regain its lost territories from Slovakia and Romania that the Kingdom of Hungary was forced to cede after the Word War I through the humiliating Treaty of Trianon. 

Trianon here refers to The Grand Trianon palace that is located in the northwestern part of the Domain of Versailles and thus it is a part of the larger and well known Treaty of Versailles

Secondly, in those years ideologically brainwashed young brutes seeped in Communist theories and belonging to Communist party roamed the streets in squads to suppress any dissident views.

They were merely following the ideas propagated by their leaders from the Soviet Union that justified violence and terror for achieving the just end as they saw it.

In an article that Karl Marx wrote titled ‘The Victory of Counter-Revolution in Vienna’ and which was published on November 07, 1848 issue of a German daily newspaper (New Rhenish Newspaper: Organ of Democracy) he stated that there exists only one way to shorten, simplify and concentrate the murderous death throes of the old society and the bloody birth pangs of new, only one means, and that is revolutionary terrorism.

Joseph Stalin, Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky among the leading Bolsheviks clearly realized and accepted the use of mass terror as a necessary weapon during the phase of dictatorship of proletariat and the resulting class struggle.

Dictatorship or proletariat or proletarian dictatorship is a state of affairs when the working class holds the political power and was conceptually considered an intermediate stage in the transition from a decadent capitalist economy to a communist economy. 

Most Europeans and Westerners would of course never equate this (or rather their) form of terror to the kind of terrorism that they are forced to endure in the hands of Islamic jihadists.             

Thirdly, and perhaps most critically, most of the Communist revolutionary leaders in Hungary were of Jewish ancestry and this cemented the notion of Jewish-Bolshevik conspiracy especially in the case of a Jewish person in a leadership position.

It was after all Bela Kun, the Communist revolutionary of Jewish lineage, who was the de facto leader of the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919 and was directly responsible for the violent acts carried out in Hungary that is now known as the Red Terror.

Ironically, Bel Kun was the prisoner of war in 1916 of the Russian army and it was in one of the POW cams of Urals that he got caught up with the romance of the Russian Revolution.

Even more ironical, and perhaps paradoxical, was his sentiment that the noble ideals of communism were more suited for civilized nations such as Hungary rather than “barbaric” Russia.

Stay tuned to the voice of an average story storytelling chimpanzee or login at http://panarrans.blogspot.com

                              

Good night Mon Ami and my fellow cousin ape.

                           

  

                

             

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Another great educator and a teacher that I am aware of is Professor Subhashish Chattopadhyay in Bangalore, India.

While I narrate stories, Professor Subhashish an electronic engineer and a former professor at BARC, does and teaches real mathematics and physics.

He started the participation of Indian students at the International Physics Olympiad.

Do visit him here:

http://skmclasses.weebly.com/

All his books can be downloaded for free through this link:

https://zookeepersblog.wordpress.com/science-tuition-chemistry-physics-mathematics-for-iit-jee-aieee-std-11-12-pu-isc-cbse/

For edutainment and English education of your children, I recommend this large collection of Halloween Songs for Kids:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCd14DRdYKj454znayUIfcAg

March 29, 2019 Friday

Bedtime Story 

Why did the Kemeny Family had to Flee Hungary?

BASIC as you would know is an aptly chosen acronym for Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code that represents not one but a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages.

The whole idea behind this family of languages is in their ease of usage.

If I was as ignorant as I was five years ago it would have surprised me to know that this programming language was developed by mathematicians and not by “computer scientists” in 1964.

It is only after a lot of studying it dawned upon me that that computer science has its origins in mathematics and a true and genuine computer scientist has got to be a mathematician first.

The two mathematicians who developed the BASIC language were John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz, both being the professors of mathematics at the Dartmouth College which is one of the least famous of the eight Ivy League private universities lying on the Northeastern United States.

John G. Kemeny was born in Budapest, Hungary as Kemeny Janos Gyorgy in a Jewish family and like John von Neumann, Paul Erdos, Leo Szilard among others, is considered as one of The Martians.        

I hope you recall my bedtime story on these Martians – essentially the Central Europeans scientists and mathematicians who has emigrated to the United States largely as Jewish refugees escaping the Holocaust.          

Kemeny was lucky that he had a father with foresight who understood the peril when Hitler marched into Vienna in 1938.

Starting in 1938 under the regime of Hungarian admiral and statesman Miklos Horthy (he called himself “His Serene Highness the Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary”) series of anti-Jewish measures were passed that would eventually gain the status of laws following the footpath of Nuremberg Laws that were just then passed in Germany.

Kemeny’s father was alarmed at these measures and had the wisdom to see the nightmare that was to follow these laws.  

The way history has been portrayed to us many of us would squarely put the blame of Holocaust on one man or one party.

That would be a rather simplistic and naïve approach to the understanding of the genocide of Holocaust that was unleashed all across Europe.

Remember that Hitler arose through a democratic process and was elected by the people for his views which he would be hardly be guilty of concealing; in fact, he proudly and boldly stated his views much to the entertainment of the masses.

Let me take you to the Hungary of 1920s after the World War I after the Kingdom of Hungary was forced to sign the Treaty of Trianon which led to ceding of two-thirds of its former territory and also two-thirds of its population.

The treaty attempted to enforce the doctrine of “self-determination of peoples” which was cut short thanks to the spasm of communist revolution that ran across the new and already weakened nation in March of 1919.

Stay tuned to the voice of an average story storytelling chimpanzee or login at http://panarrans.blogspot.com

                              

Good night Mon Ami and my fellow cousin ape.

                           

  

                

             

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Another great educator and a teacher that I am aware of is Professor Subhashish Chattopadhyay in Bangalore, India.

While I narrate stories, Professor Subhashish an electronic engineer and a former professor at BARC, does and teaches real mathematics and physics.

He started the participation of Indian students at the International Physics Olympiad.

Do visit him here:

http://skmclasses.weebly.com/

All his books can be downloaded for free through this link:

https://zookeepersblog.wordpress.com/science-tuition-chemistry-physics-mathematics-for-iit-jee-aieee-std-11-12-pu-isc-cbse/

For edutainment and English education of your children, I recommend this large collection of Halloween Songs for Kids:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCd14DRdYKj454znayUIfcAg

March 28, 2019 Thursday

Bedtime Story 

"Some Practical Questions" - 3

Tonight we shall continue with the part of the paper that was written under the heading of ‘Some Practical Questions’

“To meet this situation a further generalization of our theory is called for, particularly in the definition of stability.

While it is not clear that either of the generalizations indicated above can be formulated in such a way as to preserve the content of Theorems 1 and 2, it is the authors’ opinion that the “deferred acceptance” idea, insofar as it can be made practicable, is capable of producing assignments that are markedly superior to those obtained under the present system, or lack of system.   

The two important points at which “deferred acceptance” differed from current practice are the following:

(1) Applicants are assured that they run no risk of losing out on their lower choices by default while their higher choices are being considered, and

(2) Colleges are assured that the candidates on their waiting lists have no other applications pending: if offered admission they will accept it.”

From this paragraph of the paper you can get a fair idea about the grave doubts that the authors themselves were casting as to the practicality of their theoretical solution or the algorithm to the application in the real world matching program of the resident doctors of the United States.  

Yet the algorithm was in place 10 years (1952) before the paper saw the light of day.

So probably what the paper did was to confirm and validate the accuracy and fairness of the algorithm in assigning the right colleges to the residents.

Later a correspondence published in 1981 titled “An analysis of the Resident Match” in the New England Journal of Medicine affirmed the algorithm in use was an optimal program for the applicants.

Later in 1995 the Board of Directors of the National Residency Matching Program commissioned a research study into the matching program and the algorithm used for it.

They desired to know if any new and better form of algorithm existed that should replace the existing one. 

Eventually in the May of 1997 the existing algorithm was replaced with a new applicant-proposing algorithm and is in place since then.

Comparisons done later and retrospectively in the matching outcomes between the older and the newer algorithm suggested there was not much of a difference in the net outcome by the new algorithm.

We have gone through the essence of the entire paper and are left with a fairly decent understanding of the problem, its solution and its application to one real-case scenario.

Now is the time (last but not the least as the idiom or the expression goes) to state the actual formal algorithm whose function would be to attain a stable set of marriage pairs.

We can label this function as StableMatching.

I am ignorant of all programming languages and the only one I ever learnt is the BASIC language back in 1985.

Stay tuned to the voice of an average story storytelling chimpanzee or login at http://panarrans.blogspot.com

                              

Good night Mon Ami and my fellow cousin ape.

                           

  

                

             

Advertisements

Another great educator and a teacher that I am aware of is Professor Subhashish Chattopadhyay in Bangalore, India.

While I narrate stories, Professor Subhashish an electronic engineer and a former professor at BARC, does and teaches real mathematics and physics.

He started the participation of Indian students at the International Physics Olympiad.

Do visit him here:

http://skmclasses.weebly.com/

All his books can be downloaded for free through this link:

https://zookeepersblog.wordpress.com/science-tuition-chemistry-physics-mathematics-for-iit-jee-aieee-std-11-12-pu-isc-cbse/

For edutainment and English education of your children, I recommend this large collection of Halloween Songs for Kids:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCd14DRdYKj454znayUIfcAg

March 27, 2019 Wednesday

Bedtime Story 

"Some Practical Questions" - 2

Tonight we shall continue with the part of the paper that was written under the heading of ‘Some Practical Questions’.

It is extremely interesting to note the inputs the authors are suggesting to make the algorithm workable in real life scenario which is rather uncharacteristic of pure mathematicians who generally do not care if their mathematics finds any use or applications.

This aberrant behavior from these mathematicians could be due to the fact that they were also economists who in contrast to their mathematical counterparts do really care for the implications of their theory to the real world.

“An obvious modification would be to collect all relevant information at some central clearing house, and have an electronic computer run through the motions of “application”, “rejection”, “placement on a waiting list”, etc.

The only drawback to this solution is the enormous amount of effort that would be expended by the participants in making up their complete preference orderings, most of it completely wasted.

There would be no time for careful consideration of alternatives, by either the colleges or the applicants.

This indicates that some sort of compromise between complete mechanization and no mechanization would have the best chance of success, with the candidates submitting to the clearing house only their top four or five choices (say) at the start.

In this connection the following observation is of interest: It is not essential in our procedure for a rejected applicant to apply immediately to the next college of his choice.

The final outcome is not changed if he “sits out” one or more rounds while other rejectees are making new applications.

This means that the whole process would not have to grind to a halt whenever a single individual’s partial list of preferences happens to be exhausted through repeated rejections.

There are several other complicating factors aside from the sheer magnitude of the computation.

One of them is that admission, or the acceptance of admission, is often tied in with other things, like the award of financial aid, advanced academic standing, or the like.

The college’s scholarship budget constitutes a new constraint, comparable to the quota q, and a more elaborate mathematical model would clearly be called for.

An adequate theory would have to cope up with such details as scholarship awards of different sizes, or students who would rather to a college A without a scholarship than to college B with one.

Also, some colleges might prefer to give a poor boy a scholarship rather than admit a better-qualified rich boy and have money left over.

Still another problem is presented by colleges that pay attention to overall composition of the entire class.

Their preference scales are obviously more complex than a simple ranking of individual applicants.”

Stay tuned to the voice of an average story storytelling chimpanzee or login at http://panarrans.blogspot.com

                              

Good night Mon Ami and my fellow cousin ape.

                           

  

                

             

Advertisements

Another great educator and a teacher that I am aware of is Professor Subhashish Chattopadhyay in Bangalore, India.

While I narrate stories, Professor Subhashish an electronic engineer and a former professor at BARC, does and teaches real mathematics and physics.

He started the participation of Indian students at the International Physics Olympiad.

Do visit him here:

http://skmclasses.weebly.com/

All his books can be downloaded for free through this link:

https://zookeepersblog.wordpress.com/science-tuition-chemistry-physics-mathematics-for-iit-jee-aieee-std-11-12-pu-isc-cbse/

For edutainment and English education of your children, I recommend this large collection of Halloween Songs for Kids:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCd14DRdYKj454znayUIfcAg

March 26, 2019 Tuesday

Bedtime Story 

"Some Practical Questions"

One of the authors of this seminal paper of 1962 namely Lloyd Shapely would much later in 2012 go on to win the 2012 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences “for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design.”  

The other author David Gale passed away in 2008 in Berkeley at the ripe age of 86 – most mathematicians against the popular belief live long and rather pleasant life – where he was professor emeritus.

His legacy lives in the form of mathematical works which to most us most of us would not be comprehendible with just one exception.

He had developed a website called MathSite where one can learn important mathematical concepts for anyone interested.

I shall live its link for your perusal.

http://mathsite.math.berkeley.edu/main.html

We have come a long way from the time since Gale made this website for there are now far better websites and YouTube channels all over the internet that you can use and watch to get a decent understanding of mathematics even if you are an ordinary and average ape like me.

It is very interesting for me to note that unlike mathematical papers that are generally very abstract this one apparently was directed to solve the college admission problem faced by the resident doctors of the United States.

If not solve at least look into the possible solvability of the problem that existed then and was a serious issue with the resident doctors.

It is fascinating by itself that a couple of mathematicians and economists decided to work on the problem that concerned young budding doctors.

The authors devote nearly 3 pages of their paper describing the real world application of their algorithm to the college admissions and the practical hindrances that one might likely encounter if one were to implement this system.

This part of the paper where the authors deal the subject of implementing their algorithm in the actual National Residency Matching Program is titled as “Some Practical questions” which I would like to quote for you.

I think it is worth reading it through as it reveals the intention of the authors behind this study.

“The theorems we have presented are based on a mathematically “constructive” procedure for arriving at an optimal assignment.

It may well be asked how close this procedure is to a truly practicable method for actually assigning real students to real colleges.

We shall mention briefly some of the difficulties that would have to be overcome.

On the face of it, our “deferred acceptance” method involves a great deal of communication back and forth if the description we have given is to be followed literally, on a nationwide scale.

The time required, if not the cost, would be prohibitive.”

Stay tuned to the voice of an average story storytelling chimpanzee or login at http://panarrans.blogspot.com

                              

Good night Mon Ami and my fellow cousin ape.

                           

  

                

             

Advertisements

Another great educator and a teacher that I am aware of is Professor Subhashish Chattopadhyay in Bangalore, India.

While I narrate stories, Professor Subhashish an electronic engineer and a former professor at BARC, does and teaches real mathematics and physics.

He started the participation of Indian students at the International Physics Olympiad.

Do visit him here:

http://skmclasses.weebly.com/

All his books can be downloaded for free through this link:

https://zookeepersblog.wordpress.com/science-tuition-chemistry-physics-mathematics-for-iit-jee-aieee-std-11-12-pu-isc-cbse/

For edutainment and English education of your children, I recommend this large collection of Halloween Songs for Kids:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCd14DRdYKj454znayUIfcAg

March 25, 2019 Monday

Bedtime Story 

Theorems in the Stable-Marriage Problem

Tonight I shall highlight the asymmetry that is inbuilt in this Gale-Shapley algorithm.

This is somewhat akin to the superiority a player begets in the game of tic-tac-toe if he gets the option of making his move first.

Among the group which proposed namely the men landed up with preferences of their first, second and third choices whereas as the group that was being proposed to namely the women landed up in cases with men of their first choice but in one case with a man of last choice.   

The authors point out that the group which does the proposing (and gets rejected which initially sounded harsh and brutal) which in our case is the men always fair better than the group which is proposed to.

This can be stated in the form of a theorem which would go like this:

Theorem: This algorithm assigns every man (or any group that proposes) his best possible wife.

In other words the algorithm is simultaneously optimal for all men.

This theorem in the original paper by Gale and Shapley was stated in the form of college student admission problem as Theorem 2.

“Theorem 2: Every applicant is at least as well off under the assignment given by the procedure just described as he would be under any other stable arrangement.”  

So in summary the Gale-Shapley algorithm in which men propose to women as was the case in ours always yields a stable matching that is the best for all men among all possible stable matchings.

Analogously, in the case when the women do the proposing the final matching is always the best for all women among all possible stable matchings.

The other two theorems that the solution to the problem generates are as follows:

Theorem: This algorithm always stops (which is a quintessential requirement for a Turing Machine for its computation).

Theorem: This algorithm arranges stable marriages.

The proof is evident from the fact that no man can trade for any better woman than what this algorithm assigns to him.

This is because each woman a given man prefers rejected him on the way.

One last rather unexpected theorem that is a corollary of the Theorem 2 is this:

This algorithm assigns every woman her worst possible man and thereby husband.

Fortunately things need not always be so one sided in the real world. 

In the hospitals-residents problem the problem can be tailored to be either hospital-oriented (as was the case in the National Residency Matching Program before 1995) or resident-oriented (which has been the case since 1995).

Stay tuned to the voice of an average story storytelling chimpanzee or login at http://panarrans.blogspot.com

                              

Good night Mon Ami and my fellow cousin ape.

                           

  

                

             

Advertisements

Another great educator and a teacher that I am aware of is Professor Subhashish Chattopadhyay in Bangalore, India.

While I narrate stories, Professor Subhashish an electronic engineer and a former professor at BARC, does and teaches real mathematics and physics.

He started the participation of Indian students at the International Physics Olympiad.

Do visit him here:

http://skmclasses.weebly.com/

All his books can be downloaded for free through this link:

https://zookeepersblog.wordpress.com/science-tuition-chemistry-physics-mathematics-for-iit-jee-aieee-std-11-12-pu-isc-cbse/

For edutainment and English education of your children, I recommend this large collection of Halloween Songs for Kids:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCd14DRdYKj454znayUIfcAg