Sunday, July 7, 2019


July 07, 2019 Sunday

Bedtime Story 


The Basis of Arithmetic is ZFC which are Non-Logical Axioms


Euclidean geometry is still as “true” as ever in spite of its Non-Euclidean counterpart omnipresently breathing down its neck.  

Non-logical axioms are formulas or assumptions that are limited to specific theories of mathematics.

Non-logical axioms are starting assumptions of a particular structure such as group theory or Euclidean geometry.

In this sense non-logical axioms are not tautologies meaning that they are only true in one specific interpretation and only one.

Thus non-logical axioms are best considered as assumptions or postulates and not tautologies since their “self-evidence-ness” disappears when applied or viewed from different systems or mathematical structures.

So all modern mathematical theories that we use all the time are built upon non-logical axioms which in mathematical discourse are simply referred to as axioms with “non-logical” term usually left out but assumed to be present by the very few who study mathematics deeply.

It is understood that they are not true or self-evident in any absolute sense but are mere assumptions to built up a logico-deductive system.

Unlike geometry or rather Euclidean geometry whose axioms are often taught and clearly specified to children there are several branches of mathematics such as arithmetic (very widely used), real-analysis and complex-analysis (less used directly by most apes) whose axioms are never specified or made explicit.

Did you ever recall yourself being taught any axiom of arithmetic?

Were you ever taught the theoretical basis of natural numbers?

Were you ever taught or proven why 0 = 0?

Are any of our school children familiar with the name of Giuseppe Peano or for that matter even the school teachers or the private tutors who charge them a bomb for their training?

Are you aware of the existence of the set-theoretic definition of natural numbers?  

In his Principia Mathematics Bertrand Russell took several hundred pages to prove the validity of the proposition 1 + 1 = 2 starting from primitive symbols, strings of symbols, primitive ideas, primitive propositions and constructions.  

Yes, 1 + 1 = 2 is a proposition that requires proof starting from propositional logic and logical axioms!

Actually all of arithmetic, real and complex analysis are based on the axioms of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory with choice or ZFC (developed by Ernst Zermelo and Abraham Fraenkel in 1922 and 1925 based on their interest in set theory and axiomatizing it) which came centuries later after the natural number system had been widely in use and practice.

Besides Zermelo and Fraenkel others too have developed their own axioms of set theory on which lie the foundations of several areas of mathematics.

Stay tuned to the voice of an average story storytelling chimpanzee or login at http://panarrans.blogspot.com
                              
Good night Mon Ami and my fellow cousin ape.
                           
  
                

                  












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Another great educator and a teacher that I am aware of is Professor Subhashish Chattopadhyay in Bangalore, India.

While I narrate stories, Professor Subhashish an electronic engineer and a former professor at BARC, does and teaches real mathematics and physics.

He started the participation of Indian students at the International Physics Olympiad.

Do visit him here:


All his books can be downloaded for free through this link:


For edutainment and English education of your children, I recommend this large collection of Halloween Songs for Kids:


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