Friday, December 9, 2016

December 09, 2016 Friday

Bedtime Story 


What is Inductive Reasoning?


Before we venture on to the axiom of choice, let me tell you what mathematics is and how it works.

This is not for the sake of storytelling but to put into the suitable perspective what I have been talking about for so long, namely the axioms.

Mathematics as contrast to physical sciences such as physics rests primarily on theorems in contrast to physics which is founded on theories and some laws.

One can reduce this idea to one simple statement; theorems are to mathematics what theories are to physics.

The theories in physics is based on what is known as inductive reasoning.

This is the basis of scientific method that was discovered fairly recently by some very smart ancestral apes of ours.

Physicists initially observe a phenomenon, gather some date data on it via experimentation and propose a hypothesis.

Consider photoelectric effect which involves emission of electrons from the metals under the effect of photons.

In this specific case, Heinrich Hertz, Wilhelm Hallwachs and many others way back in 1887 noticed and observed that when electrodes were shown with ultraviolet light, they tended to spark more often and more easily.

Philipp Lenard then in 1900 showed that these electrons were released in the form of cathode rays.

In 1902, Lenard made another critical observation; that the energy of the emitted individual electrons depended directly on the frequency (or color) of the ultraviolet light falling over it.

As an aside, Lenard though a brilliant man was an outright bigoted racist who believed that physics could be first rate Deutsche or substandard Jewish.

These all were various levels of observations of a single phenomenon, some of them coaxed, lured and teased out through interventions known as experiments.

This is the second step of the scientific method:
To investigate a phenomenon further and conduct experiments.

Experiments provide more detailed and precise information of a phenomenon that a mere observation with our ape senses will surely miss out.

Stay tuned to the voice of an average story storytelling chimpanzee or login at http://panarrans.blogspot.in/
                              
Good night and my fellow cousin ape.
         
Another great educator and a teacher that I am aware of is Professor Subhashish Chattopadhyay in Bangalore, India.

While I narrate stories, Professor Subhashish an electronic engineer and a former professor at BARC, does and teaches real mathematics and physics.

He started the participation of Indian students at the International Physics Olympiad.

Do visit him here:


All his books can be downloaded for free through this link:


For edutainment and English education of your children, may I suggest this large collection of Kids Songs:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMX11Z5SJQ3kgwSsFJLRIcg

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