Thursday, June 1, 2017

June 01, 2017 Thursday

Bedtime Story 


Gödel numbering: Coding the Code


You surely would have come across popular science books, but popular mathematics is virtually an oxymoron.

That is all I have to say about reading of mathematics and now I think you people are optimally mentally geared up for the story on incompleteness theorems of Gödel.

It is not an easy task but I shall make my utmost endeavor to come clear on the fundamentals behind these proofs.

Now we are entering the haloed ground folks, the so called sanctum sanctorum of Gödel’s work.

Most apes around you will die ignorant of what this great mind logically deduced.

Those are who are reading this are the lucky few to not only be aware of Gödel and his work but if you take pain and effort, you might be the rare few who might be even able to understand this remarkable feat in the history of formal logic and computing.

We will explore his work in three parts:

[1] Gödel numbering

[2] Arithmetization of meta-mathematics

[3] Gödel’s argument

Gödel numbering

Gödel’s worked his theorems on a formal system that was largely an adaptation of Principia Mathematica.

Hence, much like the Principia, formal system of Gödel too had a class of elementary signs, a set of primitive formulas or axioms, transformations rules and rules of inferences from which further theorems were derivable.

In fact so similar is his system, that for our discussion I shall be using the word Principia or Principia Mathematica to refer to Gödel’s formal system.

We have discussed formal systems in great length in our past bedtime stories.

This was a formal coding of arithmetic to get rid of all its meaning.

Gödel went further; he went on to code even this formal meaningless code (devised by Alfred Whitehead and Bertrand Russell) with the simplest objects in the universe – the natural numbers.

To every symbol, well-formed formula and to each proof (finite sequence of formulas) of his formal calculus, Gödel assigned a unique natural number.

Thus each symbol, formula and proof is tagged with a unique Gödel number.

Why did he do this?

It was a technique, a method to determine the properties of any statement, such as whether it is true or false.

Truthfulness or falsity of a statement could now be determined by determining whether the Gödel numbers associated with them had certain properties or not.

The numbers would be long but what would matter was to show how those numbers were constructed.

Do not get discouraged if all this sounds gibberish.

Have patience.  

Stay tuned to the voice of an average story storytelling chimpanzee or login at http://panarrans.blogspot.in/
                              
Good night mon ami and my fellow cousin ape.
                           
  
                

             












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Another great educator and a teacher that I am aware of is Professor Subhashish Chattopadhyay in Bangalore, India.

While I narrate stories, Professor Subhashish an electronic engineer and a former professor at BARC, does and teaches real mathematics and physics.

He started the participation of Indian students at the International Physics Olympiad.

Do visit him here:


All his books can be downloaded for free through this link:


For edutainment and English education of your children, I recommend this large collection of Halloween Songs for Kids:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCd14DRdYKj454znayUIfcAg

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