Monday, January 22, 2018

January 22, 2018 Monday

Bedtime Story


Menabrea Explains Newton's Method of Finite Differences


We are continuing with the treatise of Menabrea:
“Sketch of the Analytical Engine” and study the column that he constructed to explain the principle of Newton’s method of finite differences.


A                                             B                            C
Column of                              First                  Second
Square Numbers                 Differences           Differences

1

…………..                                  3

4                                       …………..                          2 b

………..                                    5

a 9                                        …………..                       2 d

…………                                     7

c 16                                      …………..                        2

…………                                     9

25                                       …………..                          2

………….                                    11

36

(Please ignore the alphabets placed on the table as they are only there to point out the direction of summations as it will be pointed out and be made clear later).

“From the mode in which the last two columns B and C have been formed, it is easy to see, that if, for instance, we desire to pass from the number 5 to the succeeding one 7, we must add to the former the constant difference 2; similarly, if from the square number 9 we would pass to the following one 16, we must add to the former the difference 7, which difference is in other words the preceding difference 5, plus the constant difference 2; or again, which comes to the same thing, to obtain 16 we only have to add together the three numbers 2, 5, 9 placed obliquely in the direction ab.

Similarly, we obtain the number 25 by summing up the three numbers placed in the oblique direction dc: commencing by the addition 2 +7, we have the first difference 9 consecutively to 7; adding 16 to the 9 we have the square 25.

We see then that the three numbers 2, 5, 9 being given, the whole series of successive square numbers, and that of their first differences likewise may be obtained by means of simple additions.”

If you recall, we had gone over this method of finite difference earlier, but I found this explanation of Menabrea quite appealing.

So I decided to leave it intact and share the pleasure with you.   

“Now, to conceive how these operations may be reproduced by a machine, suppose the latter to have three dials, designated as A, B, C, on each of which are traced, say a thousand divisions, by way of example, over which a needle shall pass.”

Stay tuned to the voice of an average story storytelling chimpanzee or login at http://panarrans.blogspot.com
                              
Good night mon ami and my fellow cousin ape.
                           
  
                

             












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Another great educator and a teacher that I am aware of is Professor Subhashish Chattopadhyay in Bangalore, India.

While I narrate stories, Professor Subhashish an electronic engineer and a former professor at BARC, does and teaches real mathematics and physics.

He started the participation of Indian students at the International Physics Olympiad.

Do visit him here:


All his books can be downloaded for free through this link:


For edutainment and English education of your children, I recommend this large collection of Halloween Songs for Kids:




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